Vocabulary

government office; public office

to cringe with fear; to cower with fright; to be terribly afraid

fetters; bonds

news of someone's death

round leaved primula (Primula obconica); primrose; poison primrose

ouch; ow; that hurt

severe punishment; death penalty

five punishments (of ancient China: tattooing, cutting off the nose, cutting off a leg, castration or confinement, death)

imprisonment (for 1-3 years; third most severe of the five ritsuryō punishments)

exile (second most severe of the five ritsuryō punishments)

beheading; decapitation

public caning (60-100 strokes; second least severe of the five ritsuryō punishments)

caning (10-50 strokes; least severe of the five ritsuryō punishments)

scourge; whip; switch

slender shoot; scion; switch

five punishments (of the ritsuryō system: light caning, severe caning, imprisonment, exile, death)

woodland sumac (Rhus sylvestris)

homonym

homonym that has a native Japanese reading

homograph

(words with) different kanji but the same Japanese reading (and usu. a similar meaning)

pre-opening (party or showing)

aster (Aster tataricus); Tartarian aster; Michaelmas daisy

different character; other character

homophony (having the same pronunciation as another word but a different written form); heterography

heterosexual person; straight person

pre-Qin period (of China)

monkey bars; horizontal ladder

three monastic positions with management roles at a temple

three bonds (in Confucianism: master and servant, father and son, husband and wife)

a weight

manor; villa

counter for games of mahjong

financing plan; funding plan; cash planning

to commit a crime; to resort to crime

at large; fugitive

eggcup

high-pressure water

bad-tempered

number enclosed within a circle (symbol)