Vocabulary

hieroglyph

quipu; khipu; talking knots

pre-sectarian Buddhism; the earliest Buddhism; original Buddhism

gold letters; letters written in gold paint

koi carp

control character

single kanji that is read twice (with different pronunciations) in the Japanese reading of Chinese texts

fish; mackerel

Sinai inscriptions; proto-Sinaitic script

triangular pattern of objects

hamsa; palm-shaped amulet popular throughout North Africa

phonetic symbol; phonogram

Tangut script

snot bubble

Cyclops

Cyclops

two

indirect evidence; circumstantial evidence

averaging

loss-cutting; cutting one's losses

citrus juice (used similarly to vinegar)

Liao (Manchurian dynasty; 916-1125 CE); Khitan Empire

Kara Khitai (Central Asian Khitan empire; 1132-1211)

Western Liao (Central Asian Khitan empire; 1132-1211)

Japanized version of classical Chinese (used from Heian period onward)

mixed writing of literary Japanese and Chinese

ancient seal-script character

tadpole

counter for carriages (e.g. in a train); counter for vehicles

star duckweed (Lemna trisulca); ivy duckweed

mirror writing; mirrored script

white vinegar

Panthalassa; vast global ocean during the late Paleozoic and the early Mesozoic periods

science museum

selfish; with disregard for order or rules

cold; common cold

walking alone; walking without assistance

isolated gain in a slow or declining market (stock, currency, etc.)

isolated fall of a security or currency in an otherwise strong market

to be conspicuous; to stand out