Vocabulary

ultraconservatism; archconservatism

ultraconservative doctrine; ultraconservative policy

if not ... then what is it?; (this) is nothing other than ...; (it) must be ...; (it) is definitely ...

tips of one's hair; hair ends; the ends of the hair

big shot; higher-ups

big shot; higher-ups

combined vaccination for diphtheria, pertussis (whooping cough) and tetanus

combined vaccination for diphtheria, pertussis (whooping cough) and tetanus

reductio ad absurdum

daisy (Erigeron annuus); daisy fleabane

law of excluded middle

law of excluded middle

dependence (relationship); dependency (relationship)

(logical) conversion (transposition of subject and predicate to form a new proposition)

obversion

contraposition

(logical) inversion

contradictio in adjecto; contradiction between an adjective and the noun it modifies (wooden iron, hot ice, etc.)

pragmatics

trichotomy

law of identity; principle of identity

specific difference; difference between species (i.e. logical species, biological species, etc.)

disjunction

(logical) universal

teleological argument; argument from design

proof of the existence of God (esp. in theological philosophy); argument for the existence of God

ontological argument

argument from morality (for the existence of God)

ontology

Philadelphia fleabane (Erigeron philadelphicus); common fleabane

school festival

university festival; rag day

to be related (by blood)

three major diseases (cancer, cerebral stroke, acute myocardial infarction)

phonetic kana usage

Japanese language (as a school subject in Japan)

the coming of Bodhidharma from western India to China

the sound of one hand clapping (a classic Zen koan)

side dish

using one's chopsticks to jump from side dish to side dish without pausing to eat rice in between (a breach of etiquette)