Vocabulary

grassland; meadow

I-novel; novel narrated in the first person

small fish; fry

food; foodstuff

learning; study

rough estimate; rough calculation

large size (paper, book, etc.)

(many) years

evolutionary theory; theory of evolution

giving a lecture in the Emperor's presence; lecturing to the Emperor

opinion; intention; thought

white flag; truce flag; surrender flag

land transportation

abbreviation; acronym

circulation; dissemination

two ways; both ways; two kinds

receipt (of money); receiving

rotation (e.g. of a duty); taking turns

(your) daughter; young woman

study (of); discussion; discourse; inquiry; research article; academic paper

Japan and the West; Japanese style and Western style

Mt. Hiei (in Kyoto)

lack of common sense; thoughtlessness; senselessness; irrationality; absurdity

nasal mucus; dripping nose; snot

below freezing

bleaching agent; bleach

sticking to; clinging to; adhesion; cohesion; agglutination

natural features; scenery

grave goods; burial accessories

French possession; French territory

miso; fermented condiment usu. made from soybeans

dream; vision; reverie

heartlessness; hardness of heart; coldheartedness; cruelty

famous literary composition

licence; license; certificate; permit

imitation; copying

window screen; insect screen; mosquito screen; screen; screen door

crest; coat of arms

follower (of religion; esp. Jōdo Shinshū practitioners); believer

field; farm