Vocabulary

locals; natives

aardvark (Orycteropus afer)

sandbag

fertile shoot of field horsetail

earthen walls (of fortification); earthwork; embankment

dust; cloud of dust

servant (esp. a samurai's attendant)

to make (someone) angry; to anger; to offend; to rile up; to provoke (to anger)

to boil with rage; to be infuriated

to shout at

to topple over and lean at a precarious angle; to fall onto something and lean against it

to fall flat; to fall face down

reflection

reading Chinese in the Japanese order

hanging (someone) upside down

inverted word; verlan

dying by the wayside

child dying before parents

inverted image

inversion of the word order in a sentence; anastrophe

overthrow of the shogunate

handstand

party strife; faction

factionalism

party political interests; partisan politics

winter sky

for winter use

hibernation

death from cold; freezing to death

to freeze to; to be frozen to

to freeze; to freeze over

to freeze

to freeze; to be frozen over; to congeal

to freeze to; to be frozen to

to freeze (to something); to be frozen (to)

winter rain

frost damage

frost; bitter cold

freezer

frozen assets