Grammar
N5 verb-form

Dictionary form (casual non-past)

Meaning

The plain / dictionary form of verbs — used in casual speech and as the base name of the verb. Also used before nouns (飲む水 "water to drink").

Formation

Notes

Group 1 (五段/u-verbs) end in う-sound (く, す, つ, ぬ, ぶ, む, ぐ, う). Group 2 (一段/ru-verbs) end in る with vowel before. Group 3: only する and 来る (irregular).

Examples

I drink water. (casual)

Breakdown
water (object) drink

I read a book.

Breakdown
book (object) read

This is drinking water. (dictionary form modifying a noun)

Breakdown
this (topic) to drink water is

I study Japanese every day. (casual Group 3 する)

Breakdown
every day Japanese (object) study

A friend is coming to play. (Group 3 来る)

Breakdown
friend (subject) to play come

It will rain tomorrow. (Group 1 dictionary form)

Breakdown
tomorrow rain (subject) fall