Grammar
N4 verb-grammar

Finish completely / by accident 〜てしまう

Meaning

Two senses: (1) completion — "finish doing ~ completely"; (2) regret/accident — "do ~ by accident (unfortunately)". The nuance is conveyed by context.

Formation

Notes

Casual contractions: 〜てしまう → 〜ちゃう, 〜でしまう → 〜じゃう. Regret sense is very common: 食べてしまった ("I ate it [oops / already]). Polite: 〜てしまいます.

Examples

I accidentally left my wallet behind. (regret)

Breakdown
carelessly wallet (object) accidentally forgot

I've already finished the homework. (completion)

Breakdown
homework (topic) already do (te) completely finished

I broke the glass. (accident, casual)

Breakdown
glass (object) accidentally broke

I ate it in a hurry. (casual ちゃう)

Breakdown
hurriedly ate (casual complete)

I ended up missing the train. (regret)

Breakdown
train (object) miss (te) ended up