Grammar
N5 verb-grammar

Obligation 〜なければなりません

Meaning

"Must ~ / have to ~". Expresses obligation. Built from the nai-form (conditional 〜ければ).

Formation

Notes

Casual short form: 〜なきゃ. Also common in speech: 〜ないと (いけません). 〜なくてはいけません is a slightly more formal variant.

Examples

I must take the medicine.

Breakdown
medicine (object) must take

I have to get up early tomorrow.

Breakdown
tomorrow early must get up

I must study more.

Breakdown
more must study

It's time, so I have to go now.

Breakdown
time is so/because already must go

I have to do my homework. (casual short form)

Breakdown
homework (object) must do (casual)

The report must be submitted by Friday.

Breakdown
report (topic) Friday by must submit

⚠️ Often confused with

No obligation 〜なくてもいいです

"You don't have to ~ / it's not necessary to ~". The opposite of obligation.

Have to 〜ないと

Everyday "have to ~" — literally "if I don't ~, it won't do".

There is no need to 〜までもない

"There is no need to ~", "it goes without saying" — the action is unnecessary.