Grammar
N5 verb-grammar

Ongoing action / state 〜ている

Meaning

Two meanings: (1) action in progress — "is ~ing"; (2) resulting state of a change — "has ~ed and is now in that state".

Formation

Notes

Action verbs → -ing (食べている = eating). Change-of-state verbs → state (結婚している = is married; 知っている = know). Often dropped to 〜てる in speech.

Examples

I am reading a book now. (action in progress)

Breakdown
now book (object) am reading

I live in Tokyo. (ongoing state)

Breakdown
Tokyo in live

Do you know him? (state resulting from learning)

Breakdown
he (object) know (question)

My older brother is married.

Breakdown
older brother (topic) is married

It is raining.

Breakdown
rain (subject) is falling

What are you thinking about?

Breakdown
what (object) are thinking (question)