Grammar
N5 copula

Topic marker は

Meaning

Marks the topic of the sentence — "As for X, X is Y." The most common particle; it establishes what you are talking about.

Formation

Notes

は is pronounced "wa" when used as a particle. The topic is usually old/known information already established in context.

Examples

I am a student.

Breakdown
I (topic marker) student is (polite copula)

This is a book.

Breakdown
this (topic marker) book is

Tanaka-san is a teacher.

Breakdown
Mr./Ms. Tanaka (topic marker) teacher is

Japan is a big country.

Breakdown
Japan (topic marker) big country is

Today the weather is nice.

Breakdown
today (topic marker) good weather is

As for me, I like Japanese. (topic "I" frames the sentence; が marks the object of 好き.)

Breakdown
I (topic marker) Japanese (language) (subject marker) liked / fond of is

As for this town, it is not quiet. (illustrates は marking the topic before a predicate.)

Breakdown
this town (topic marker) quiet is not (polite neg.)

⚠️ Often confused with

Subject marker が

Marks the grammatical subject — usually new or emphasized information. Identifies "which o...