Grammar
N4 verb-form

Transitive & intransitive 他動詞・自動詞

Meaning

Transitive verbs (他動詞) take a direct object (を) — someone actively DOES the action. Intransitive verbs (自動詞) do NOT take an object — something happens on its own. Many Japanese verbs come in pairs.

Formation

Notes

Pattern: transitive ~え~, intransitive ~あ~ (e.g. 集める/集まる). Or transitive ~す, intransitive ~る (落とす/落ちる). Choosing the right one affects particle: ドアを開ける (trans) vs ドアが開く (intrans).

Examples

I opened the door. (transitive + を)

Breakdown
I (topic) door (object) opened (trans.)

The door opened. (intransitive + が)

Breakdown
door (subject) opened (intrans.)

The child broke the plate. (transitive)

Breakdown
child (subject) plate (object) broke (trans.)

The plate broke. (intransitive)

Breakdown
plate (subject) broke (intrans.)

Please turn off the light. (transitive)

Breakdown
light (object) turn off (trans.) please

The light went out. (intransitive)

Breakdown
light (subject) went out (intrans.)