Grammar
N5 connective

When 〜とき

Meaning

"When ~ / at the time of ~". The clause before とき describes the condition/time, and the main clause describes what happens. The tense of the とき clause sets the meaning.

Formation

Notes

Past tense before とき (日本へ行ったとき) = "when I went to Japan" (a specific past occasion). Present (日本へ行くとき) = "when(ever) I go to Japan" (future or habitual).

Examples

When I have free time, I read books.

Breakdown
free time (na modifier) when (topic) book (object) read

When I was a child, I lived in Tokyo. (past)

Breakdown
child (modifier) when Tokyo in lived

I bought a camera before going to Japan. (行く時 = before the action is complete — contrast 行った時, "once I had got there")

Breakdown
Japan to go when camera (object) bought

When it's difficult, please ask the teacher.

Breakdown
difficult when (topic) teacher to please ask

When I'm tired, I go to bed early.

Breakdown
tired when (topic) early sleep