Grammar
N4 verb-form

Potential form 可能形 (can do)

Meaning

The potential form of a verb — "can do / be able to do". The spontaneous/conversational alternative to 〜ことができる.

Formation

Notes

The object of a potential verb usually takes が (not を): 日本語が話せる. Casual short form: ら抜き (食べれる instead of 食べられる) — very common in speech though technically informal.

Examples

Can you speak Japanese?

Breakdown
Japanese (subject/object) can speak (question)

I can play the piano. (object → が with potential)

Breakdown
piano (subject/object) can play

Can you ride a bicycle?

Breakdown
bicycle on can ride (question)

Can you come tomorrow? (来る→来られる)

Breakdown
tomorrow can come (question)

I'm busy so I can't today. (する→できる, negative)

Breakdown
busy so today (topic) cannot

I can read kanji.

Breakdown
kanji (subject/object) can read

⚠️ Often confused with

Can / cannot 〜得る

"Can possibly ~", "it is conceivable that ~". The negative 得ない means "could not possibl...

No way to 〜ようがない

"There is no way to ~", "cannot possibly ~" — no method exists.