Vocabulary

school supplies

young warrior

gentlemanly; well-mannered; well-bred; gentlemanlike

unpatriotic person; traitor (to one's country)

emergency measures

elegy; dirge; mournful melody

palpation

up in a tree; in the trees

early-morning attack

authorization; authorisation

oxygen inhalation

reaching the shore; docking a boat

attaching and detaching; putting on and removing

clay; earthen

company badge

practical learning; practical studies; practical science; studies with real applications

being declared the winner of a bout

false charge

lacking a plan; haphazard

latter or second part

neglected garden; abandoned garden

dry grass; dead grass; hay; withered grass

to make use of; to lend money

all one's strength; desperate effort; strength one has when ready to die

pillow word; decorative word used prefixally in classical Japanese literature

conditioned reflex

subterranean stream

hot and cold water

iron wall; impregnable fortress

shuttling back and forth; shuttle service

(Edo-period) chief minister

clean; clear

to survive

greens

medium-grade millstone

cumulonimbus cloud

spinal cord

cut; notch; incision

initiative; pioneering

brainwashing