〜かける / 〜かけだ
Half-done 〜かける
Meaning
An action begun but not finished — "half-~", "start to ~ (and stop)".
Formation
[verb ます-stem] + かける / かけの + [noun] / かけだ
Notes
The action is interrupted mid-way: 読みかけの本 ("a book I am part-way through"). It also covers "was about to": 言いかけてやめた. Distinct from 〜始める, which simply marks the start of something that then continues.
Examples
読(よ)みかけの本(ほん)が机(つくえ)の上(うえ)にあります。
There is a half-read book on the desk.
Breakdown
何(なに)か言(い)いかけてやめました。
He started to say something and then stopped.
Breakdown
食(た)べかけのケーキが残(のこ)っています。
There is a half-eaten cake left.
Breakdown
仕事(しごと)がまだやりかけです。
The work is still only half done.
Breakdown
危(あや)うく転(ころ)びかけました。
I very nearly fell over.
Breakdown
⚠️ Often confused with
〜きる / 〜きれない
Completely / cannot finish 〜きる
Carries an action right through — "do ~ completely". The negative きれない means "cannot f...
〜つつある
In the process of 〜つつある
"Is in the process of ~ing" — a gradual change still under way.
〜一方だ
Keeps getting 〜一方だ
"Keeps getting ~", "goes on ~ing" — a one-way trend.