Grammar
N5 adjective

i-adjective past 〜かったです / 〜くなかったです

Meaning

i-adjective past affirmative: drop 〜い, add 〜かったです. Past negative: 〜くなかったです (or 〜くありませんでした).

Formation

Notes

Common error: do NOT say ×高かったですか. The い simply drops and かった attaches. いい → よかったです (irregular past).

Examples

Yesterday was cold. (past affirmative)

Breakdown
yesterday (topic) was cold (polite)

That movie was interesting.

Breakdown
that movie (topic) was interesting (polite)

The trip was not fun. (past negative)

Breakdown
trip (topic) was not fun (polite)

Our old house was not new. (formal past neg.)

Breakdown
long ago (modifier) house (topic) was not new

That restaurant was good. (いい → よかった, IRREGULAR)

Breakdown
that restaurant (topic) was good (irr.) (polite)

Yesterday's weather was not hot.

Breakdown
yesterday (modifier) weather (topic) was not hot (polite)

⚠️ Often confused with

i-adjective present affirmative 〜いです

i-adjectives end in い and conjugate THEMSELVES. です only adds politeness (it does not co...

i-adjective present negative 〜くないです

To make an i-adjective negative, drop 〜い and add 〜くないです (or the more formal 〜くあ...