Grammar
N5 verb-form

Polite past 〜ました / past negative 〜ませんでした

Meaning

Polite past affirmative: "did". Polite past negative: "did not do". Both attach to the verb stem.

Formation

Notes

Replace the ます ending: 食べます → 食べました (did eat) / 食べませんでした (did not eat).

Examples

Yesterday I watched a movie.

Breakdown
yesterday movie (object) watched

I ate breakfast.

Breakdown
breakfast (object) ate

It didn't rain yesterday. (past negative)

Breakdown
yesterday (topic) rain (subject) did not fall

Last week I met my friend.

Breakdown
last week friend to/with met

I didn't do my homework.

Breakdown
homework (object) did not do

What did you do over the weekend? (past question)

Breakdown
weekend at what (object) did (question)

⚠️ Often confused with

Polite present 〜ます

The polite non-past affirmative of verbs — "do / will do / does". Formed from the verb ste...

Polite negative 〜ません

The polite non-past negative of verbs — "do not do / will not do".