〜間に
While / during 〜間に
Meaning
"While ~", "during ~" — a one-off event happens inside a stretch of time.
Formation
[verb ている / noun の / い-adj] + 間に · [na-adj] な + 間に
Notes
With に, something happens at a point inside the period: 寝ている間に地震があった. WITHOUT に (〜間), the action fills the whole period: 寝ている間ずっと雨だった. Compare うちに, which adds "before the situation changes".
Examples
母(はは)が寝(ね)ている間(あいだ)に掃除(そうじ)をしました。
I cleaned while my mother was asleep.
Breakdown
夏休(なつやす)みの間(あいだ)に本(ほん)を五(ご)冊(さつ)読(よ)みました。
I read five books during the summer holiday.
Breakdown
留守の間(るすのあいだ)に誰(だれ)か来(き)ましたか。
Did anyone come while I was out?
Breakdown
電車(でんしゃ)を待(ま)っている間(あいだ)、ずっと本(ほん)を読(よ)んでいました。
I read the whole time I was waiting for the train. (〜間 without に)
Breakdown
子供(こども)が学校(がっこう)にいる間(あいだ)に買い物(かいもの)に行(い)きます。
I go shopping while the children are at school.
Breakdown
⚠️ Often confused with
〜うちに
While it lasts 〜うちに
"While ~ (before it changes)" — do it now, because the condition will not hold for long.
〜最中に
Right in the middle of 〜最中に
"Right in the middle of ~" — something interrupts an activity at its height.
〜つつ / 〜つつも
While / even while 〜つつ / 〜つつも
"While doing ~"; with も, "even though ~".