Grammar
N4 connective

While / during 〜間に

Meaning

"While ~", "during ~" — a one-off event happens inside a stretch of time.

Formation

Notes

With に, something happens at a point inside the period: 寝ている間に地震があった. WITHOUT に (〜間), the action fills the whole period: 寝ている間ずっと雨だった. Compare うちに, which adds "before the situation changes".

Examples

I cleaned while my mother was asleep.

Breakdown
(my) mother (subject) is sleeping while cleaned

I read five books during the summer holiday.

Breakdown
summer holiday during five (books) read

Did anyone come while I was out?

Breakdown
being away while someone did (they) come?

I read the whole time I was waiting for the train. (〜間 without に)

Breakdown
am waiting the whole time continuously was reading

I go shopping while the children are at school.

Breakdown
children (subject) school are at while

⚠️ Often confused with

While it lasts 〜うちに

"While ~ (before it changes)" — do it now, because the condition will not hold for long.

Right in the middle of 〜最中に

"Right in the middle of ~" — something interrupts an activity at its height.

While / even while 〜つつ / 〜つつも

"While doing ~"; with も, "even though ~".