Vocabulary

author (usu. of a particular book); writer

challenge; defiance; dare; attempt; try

supply; provision; raising; procurement

addition; supplement; appending; appendix

total; sum; aggregate

fall; decline; lowering; deterioration; degradation

hanging low (of clouds)

fixed period; fixed term

resistance; opposition; standing up to

offer; tender; providing; supplying; making available; donating (blood, organs, etc.)

presentation (of documents); submission (of an application, report, etc.); production (e.g. of evidence); introduction (e.g. of a bill); filing; turning in

thoroughness; completeness; consistency

railroad; railway; rail transport

sky

electric power

registration; accession; register; entry; record; subscription

developing country

capital (esp. Kyoto, Japan's former capital); seat of government

prefectures (of Japan); largest administrative divisions of Japan: Tokyo-to, Osaka-fu, Kyoto-fu, Hokkaido and the remaining prefectures

Eastern Europe

east and west

south-east

report; reply; findings

many-sided; versatile; polygonal; diversified

company director; board member

Meiji era (1868.9.8-1912.7.30)

pulling up; drawing up; salvage; re-flotation

section meeting

republicanism

old person; elderly person; senior citizen

Committee of the National Diet

this year; this fiscal year; this school year

Japan and South Korea; Japanese-Korean

weight (e.g. paperweight); pressing down

timely; opportune

dragon (esp. a Chinese dragon)

king; ruler; sovereign; monarch

aerial bombing

Ministry of Construction

official discount (bank) rate