Grammar
N3 particle

Ever since / only 〜きり

Meaning

Two uses: "and that was the last of it" after a past verb, and "just / only" after a noun.

Formation

Notes

With the た-form it means nothing has happened since: 出かけたきり帰ってこない. With a noun it limits: 二人きり ("just the two of us"). It often ends in a negative, which carries the sense of something left unresolved.

Examples

He went out and has not come back since.

Breakdown
went out and that was that has not returned

There were just the two of us in the room.

Breakdown
in the room just the two

We met once and there has been no contact since.

Breakdown
met once and only that there is no contact

All I have had since morning is one coffee.

Breakdown
drank one cup and nothing more

My grandmother is bedridden.

Breakdown
bedridden life

⚠️ Often confused with

Only 〜しか〜ない

"Only ~" — expresses limitation, with a nuance of "nothing but / not enough". MUST be used...

Only / just だけ

"Only / just ~" — neutral limitation. Unlike しか, だけ goes with an AFFIRMATIVE verb and...

Quantity + も / しか

Colours a quantity as large (も, "as many as") or small (しか〜ない, "only").

Do nothing but 〜てばかりいる

Criticises a repeated action — "does nothing but ~", "is always ~ing".

Covered in 〜だらけ

"Covered in ~", "full of ~" — an unpleasant abundance.

Something like (belittling) 〜なんて

Dismisses or belittles — "something like ~", "the very idea of ~". Can also express surpri...

As long as 〜限り(は)

"As long as ~", "as far as ~" — the condition under which the statement holds.

Unless / so long as not 〜ない限り

"Unless ~", "so long as ~ does not happen".

Not limited to 〜に限らず

"Not just ~", "not limited to ~".

Of all times 〜に限って

"Of all times / of all people ~"; also "~ alone would never".

Nothing beats 〜に限る

"Nothing beats ~", "~ is the best thing".

As of (formal) 〜をもって

"As of ~", "with ~", "by means of ~" — a formal boundary or instrument.

Extending even to 〜に至るまで

"Extending all the way to ~", "down to even ~" — the range reaches an extreme.