〜すら
Not even (emphatic) 〜すら
Meaning
"Even ~", "not even ~" — a written, emphatic さえ.
Formation
[noun] + すら · [noun] + ですら · [verb て-form] + すら
Notes
Interchangeable with さえ but distinctly literary, and it favours negative sentences that stress how little was achieved. Takes ですら after a person.
Examples
水(みず)すら飲(の)めませんでした。
I could not even drink water.
Breakdown
専門家(せんもんか)ですら答(こた)えられない問題(もんだい)です。
It is a problem even experts cannot answer.
Breakdown
名前(なまえ)すら覚(おぼ)えていません。
I do not even remember the name.
Breakdown
家族(かぞく)にすら相談(そうだん)しませんでした。
I did not even consult my family.
Breakdown
休(やす)むことすら許(ゆる)されない状況(じょうきょう)でした。
It was a situation where we were not even allowed to rest.
Breakdown
⚠️ Often confused with
〜ばかりか / 〜ばかりでなく
Not only 〜ばかりか / 〜ばかりでなく
"Not only ~, but also …".
〜のみならず
Not merely 〜のみならず
"Not merely ~, but also …" — the formal written "not only".
〜はもちろん / 〜はもとより
To say nothing of 〜はもちろん / 〜はもとより
"~ goes without saying, and also …".
〜に加えて
In addition to 〜に加えて
"In addition to ~", "on top of ~".
〜はおろか
Let alone 〜はおろか
"Let alone ~", "not only not ~ but not even ..." — the easier case fails too.
〜にとどまらず
Not confined to 〜にとどまらず
"Not confined to ~", "not stopping at ~ but spreading further".