Grammar
N4 verb-grammar

Receive a favor 〜てくれる / 〜てくださる

Meaning

Someone ELSE does a favor FOR ME (or my in-group). The direction of action is INWARD to me. Polite form: 〜てくださる (used for superiors).

Formation

Notes

The doer is someone else; the receiver is me. The doer takes が: 友達が教えてくれた ("my friend told me [as a favor]"). Used heavily in requests: 〜てくれませんか ("won't you ~ for me?").

Examples

My friend celebrated my birthday for me.

Breakdown
friend (subject/doer) me (modifier) birthday (object) celebrated for me

The teacher taught me Japanese (as a favor). (polite くださる)

Breakdown
teacher (topic) me to Japanese (object) teach (te) did for me (polite)

Someone lent me an umbrella.

Breakdown
someone (subject) umbrella (object) lent me

Thank you for telling me the way.

Breakdown
way (object) for telling me thank you

My mother sent me a sweater.

Breakdown
(my) mother (subject) sweater (object) sent me

Won't you help me a bit? (request via くれる)

Breakdown
a bit won't you help me (question)

⚠️ Often confused with

Do a favor 〜てあげる / 〜てやる

I (or someone on my side) do a favor FOR someone else. The direction of action is OUTWARD...

Get someone to do 〜てもらう / 〜ていただく

I GET/RECEIVE someone else to do something (for me). Focuses on the receiver (me) actively...

I want you to 〜てほしい

Expresses the speaker's desire for SOMEONE ELSE to do something — "I want you to ~". The d...

Could you please 〜ていただけませんか

A very polite request — "could you please ~ for me?". Built from humble いただく / もらう...