〜以上(は)
Now that 〜以上は
Meaning
"Now that ~", "since ~" — given this fact, a duty or resolve follows.
Formation
[plain form] + 以上(は) · [noun] である + 以上(は)
Notes
The second clause states an obligation, a resolve or a strong judgement — なければならない, べきだ, つもりだ. It is a logical "given that", so it does not fit a plain description of cause; use から or ので for that. からには is a close synonym.
Examples
引き受(ひきう)けた以上(いじょう)は、最後(さいご)までやります。
Now that I have taken it on, I will see it through.
Breakdown
約束(やくそく)した以上(いじょう)、守(まも)らなければなりません。
Having promised, I must keep my word.
Breakdown
学生(がくせい)である以上(いじょう)、勉強(べんきょう)するべきです。
As long as you are a student, you ought to study.
Breakdown
日本(にほん)で働(はたら)く以上(いじょう)、日本語(にほんご)は必要(ひつよう)です。
If you are going to work in Japan, Japanese is essential.
Breakdown
試合(しあい)に出(で)る以上(いじょう)、勝(か)ちたいです。
Since I am playing in the match, I want to win.
Breakdown
⚠️ Often confused with
〜から
Reason 〜から (because)
Gives a reason or cause — "because ~ / since ~". Subjective and conversational. Comes afte...
〜ので
Reason 〜ので (formal because)
A more formal / softer "because" than から. Used in polite speech, business, and writing....
〜だけあって
As you would expect 〜だけあって
"As you would expect of ~", "no wonder, given that ~". Admiring.
〜ことから
Judging from 〜ことから
"From the fact that ~", "judging from ~" — states the evidence a conclusion rests on.
〜につき
Due to / per 〜につき
"Due to ~" in official notices; also "per ~" for rates.
〜ゆえ(に)
Owing to (literary) 〜ゆえ(に)
"Because of ~", "owing to ~" — a stiff, literary statement of cause.
〜とあって
Given the occasion 〜とあって
"Because it is (the special occasion of) ~" — a special situation produces a natural resul...
〜ばこそ
It is only because 〜ばこそ
"It is precisely because ~ (and nothing else)" — an emphatic, positive reason.
〜あっての
Made possible only by 〜あっての
"Which exists only thanks to ~", "~ is what makes it possible".
〜手前
With others watching 〜手前
"Since ~ (and with people watching), I have no choice but to ..." — social face forces the...
〜こととて
Seeing that (apologetic) 〜こととて
"Because it is ~ (please excuse it)" — a humble reason offered with an apology.
〜にかこつけて
Under the pretext of 〜にかこつけて
"Using ~ as an excuse", "under the pretext of ~".