Vocabulary

section meeting

republicanism

pipe; tube

merger (of companies, towns, etc.); combination; union; amalgamation; consolidation; coalition

upper house; upper legislative chamber; senate

valley; ravine; gorge; canyon

inside and outside; interior and exterior

starting; inauguration; launch; founding; establishment; start-up

every year; yearly; annually

gate

amount sold; sales; proceeds; takings; turnover

substitute; replacement; substituting; replacing

neck

conclusion; decision; end; settlement

change; alternation; rotation; replacement; substitution; shift

public relations; PR; publicity; public information

structure; construction; arrangement; contrivance; mechanism; workings

payment

first place; head position; leading position

toward Japan; with Japan

battle; war; fight; conflict

price increase; rise in price; wage increase

growth; development

discussion; talk; tête-à-tête; conference

parents; both parents

guarantee; security; assurance; pledge

to excel; to surpass; to exceed; to have an edge; to be superior; to outrival

hope; promise; possibility; chance; probability; likelihood

last day of the month

frame (physical structure); framework

rate; ratio; percentage; proportion

musical performance

many-sided; versatile; polygonal; diversified

company director; board member

Meiji era (1868.9.8-1912.7.30)

cash; ready money; money on hand; currency

snow; snowfall

winter

confidence; trust; faith; reputation

trust (in); confidence; faith; reliance