Grammar
JLPT grammar patterns with formation, examples, and confusables.
〜あっての
Made possible only by 〜あっての
"Which exists only thanks to ~", "~ is what makes it possible".
〜に即して
In conformity with 〜に即して
"In line with ~", "in conformity with ~ (the facts, the law, the reality)".
〜手前
With others watching 〜手前
"Since ~ (and with people watching), I have no choice but to ..." — social face forces the action.
〜こととて
Seeing that (apologetic) 〜こととて
"Because it is ~ (please excuse it)" — a humble reason offered with an apology.
〜を踏まえて
Taking into account 〜を踏まえて
"On the basis of ~", "taking ~ into account" — building on established material.
〜にかこつけて
Under the pretext of 〜にかこつけて
"Using ~ as an excuse", "under the pretext of ~".
〜が早いか
The instant that 〜が早いか
"The instant ~ happened, ...", "no sooner ~ than ...".
〜や否や
Scarcely when 〜や否や
"As soon as ~", "scarcely had ~ when ..." — the two events are almost simultaneous.
〜そばから
No sooner done than undone 〜そばから
"No sooner is ~ done than (it is undone)" — the effort is immediately cancelled out.
〜なり
Immediately upon 〜なり
"The moment ~", "immediately upon ~ing" — one action leads straight into an unexpected next.
〜を境に
Marking the turning point 〜を境に
"With ~ as the dividing line", "ever since ~" — a clear before and after.
〜をもって
As of (formal) 〜をもって
"As of ~", "with ~", "by means of ~" — a formal boundary or instrument.
〜に至るまで
Extending even to 〜に至るまで
"Extending all the way to ~", "down to even ~" — the range reaches an extreme.
〜がてら
While also doing 〜がてら
"While ~ing", "taking the opportunity of ~ing to also ..." — two purposes in one outing.
〜間際に
On the verge of 〜間際に
"Just as ~ is about to happen", "at the very last moment before ~".
〜はおろか
Let alone 〜はおろか
"Let alone ~", "not only not ~ but not even ..." — the easier case fails too.
〜すら
Not even (emphatic) 〜すら
"Even ~", "not even ~" — a written, emphatic さえ.
〜にとどまらず
Not confined to 〜にとどまらず
"Not confined to ~", "not stopping at ~ but spreading further".
〜までもない
There is no need to 〜までもない
"There is no need to ~", "it goes without saying" — the action is unnecessary.
〜極まりない
Utterly extreme 〜極まりない
"Extremely ~", "~ in the extreme" — an emphatic, usually critical judgement.
〜てやまない
Never ceasing to 〜てやまない
"Never cease to ~", "~ from the bottom of one's heart".
〜を禁じ得ない
Cannot suppress 〜を禁じ得ない
"Cannot suppress ~", "cannot help feeling ~".
〜といったらない
Beyond description 〜といったらない
"Indescribably ~", "~ beyond words" — an exclamation of extremity.
〜始末だ
Ending up badly 〜始末だ
"It ended up ~ (of all things)" — a bad process reaches a worse conclusion.