Grammar
JLPT grammar patterns with formation, examples, and confusables.
〜上で
After (formal) 〜上で
"After ~ing (and on that basis)" — a deliberate step taken before deciding.
〜てからでないと
Not until 〜てからでないと
"Not until ~", "unless ~ is done first" — a precondition that must come first.
〜あまり
So much that 〜あまり
"So much ~ that ~", "out of excessive ~" — an excess of feeling causes the result.
〜ばかりに
Merely because 〜ばかりに
"Just because ~", "simply on account of ~" — one small cause led to a bad outcome.
〜なんて
Something like (belittling) 〜なんて
Dismisses or belittles — "something like ~", "the very idea of ~". Can also express surprise.
〜ところに / 〜ところへ
Just as / right when 〜ところに
"Just as ~", "right when ~" — something arrives at exactly that moment.
〜つもりで
On the assumption of 〜つもりで
"As if ~", "with the intention of ~", "on the assumption that ~".
〜っぱなし
Left as it is 〜っぱなし
"Left ~ing", "~ and left that way" — something was done and never undone.
〜際（に）
On the occasion of 〜際（に）
A formal "when ~", "on the occasion of ~".
〜に際して
At the time of 〜に際して
Formal "on the occasion of ~", "at the time of ~" — used as something significant begins.
〜に先立って
Prior to 〜に先立って
"Prior to ~", "in advance of ~" — a preliminary step before a major event.
〜てからというもの
Ever since then 〜てからというもの
"Ever since ~" — a turning point after which things have stayed changed.
〜とともに
Together with / as 〜とともに
"Together with ~"; also "as ~ changes, so does …".
〜につれて
As ~ progresses 〜につれて
"As ~ progresses, …" — two things changing gradually in step.
〜に従って
In accordance with 〜に従って
"In accordance with ~"; also "as ~ progresses".
〜に伴って
Accompanying 〜に伴って
"Accompanying ~", "as a consequence of ~" — formal parallel change.
〜あげく（に）
After all that 〜あげく（に）
"After all that ~, in the end …" — a long, troublesome process ending badly.
〜末（に）
After much ~ 〜末（に）
"After much ~, finally …" — a long process reaching its conclusion.
〜からには
Now that / given that 〜からには
"Now that ~", "given that ~" — a premise the speaker then acts on.
〜だけに
Precisely because 〜だけに
"Precisely because ~", "all the more so because ~".
〜ことだから
Knowing them 〜ことだから
"Since it is ~ (that person), …" — a prediction based on someone's known character.
〜からこそ
It is precisely because 〜からこそ
"It is precisely because ~ that …" — emphatic reason.
〜につき
Due to / per 〜につき
"Due to ~" in official notices; also "per ~" for rates.
〜からといって
Just because 〜からといって
"Just because ~, it does not follow that …".
〜てはじめて
Only after 〜てはじめて
"Only after ~", "not until ~ did I …".
〜おそれがある
There is a risk that 〜おそれがある
"There is a risk / danger that ~".
〜ことに（は）
To my surprise 〜ことに（は）
"To my surprise / delight / regret, …" — the speaker's reaction stated first.
〜ないことはない
It is not that ~ cannot 〜ないことはない
"It is not that ~ cannot / does not" — a reluctant, hedged yes.
〜一方（で）
While / on the one hand 〜一方（で）
"While ~", "on the one hand ~, on the other …" — two sides of one situation.
〜反面
On the flip side 〜反面
"On the other hand ~" — two opposite qualities of the same thing.